In B.A I was studied various poems. Students most off like study of poems. i studied various interesting poems.Arun Kolatkar's poem, "An Old Woman," the main theme is about keeping what is important in perspective—in this case, an old woman and her heritage—the land from which she comes. Anold woman clutches a tourist's sleeve and tags along with him. She wants a 'fifty paise coin'. For this she offers to show him 'the horseshoe shrine'. This refers to a legend centred around a horse-shoe shaped depression in a rock about Khandoba, the presiding deity at Jejuri, who leaped from that rock onto his horse as he carried his wife with him. This is a legend that the true believer reveres and the sceptic doubts.The tourist moves away as he has seen the shrine already. The old woman 'tightens her grip' and 'hobbles' along - not giving up so easily. She is persistent. She clings to him like a 'burr' - a prickly seed pod that clings to clothes.Irritated by this persistence, the tourist decides to 'face her' with an 'air of finality'—he decides that he will not yield to her and thereby wants to put an end to the 'farce'. He presumes that his no nonsense reaction will deter her. But the old woman’s matter of fact question - 'what else' could an 'old woman' do to survive on these 'wretched hills' – strikes the narrator like a thunderbolt.The stark reality that hits the narrator allows him to 'see' her at closer quarters. When he turns to look at her face, he is shocked. There are two deep sunken eyes that look like bullet holes. Her skin is wrinkled and cracks begin to appear around her eyes and spread beyond her skin. He feels that everything is falling apart. Everything is cracked and in ruins.The cracks spread beyond her skin to the hills and the sky. There is a catastrophe. The hills crack, the temples crack and the sky falls and shatters like a sheet of glass. But the old woman stands there as a symbol of all round degradation. The narrator feels ashamed. He is reduced to the small change in her hand.In a moment of realization the narrator/tourist finds himself reduced in his self-esteem. His awakening to the 'real' world makes him feel 'small'—as insignificant as the small coin he gave the old woman. so this is the poem which i studied in B.A.
Name: Makwana Monika Roll No: 28 Paper-3: Literary criticism or theory Topic: Hamartia and catharsis Email i’d: makwanamonika76@gmail.com Submitted to: smt. S. B. Gardi Department of English Hamartia and Catharsis • Aristotle is explained the Hamartia and catharsis in his poetics. The basis for understanding hamarstia, and then, is that a mistake is made, even it is due more to an mistake in judgment, and may more typically, a flaw in one’s character, rather than springing from malicious intent and it was created by Aristotle. Catharsis is connected to Greek and used by Greek philosopher Aristotle, was the first used term catharsis with reference to the emotions in his poetics. • ‘ Hamartia ’ first described in literary criticism by Aristotle in his ‘poetics’. It is the term used by Aristotle in his poetics. Hamartia is also known as ‘ Tragic flaw’ and “ error of judgment ”. it is the Greek word describes many people refer to as the tragic flaw of hero of ...
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