Name: - Makwana Monika
Paper no. 11- The post colonialism
Topic: - summarize ‘Orientalism’
Roll no:-21
Enrollment no: - 206910842020190027
Email ID: - makwanamonika76@gmail.com
Submitted to: - S. B. Gardi department of English
Introduction
‘Orientalism’ is written by the famous writer
Edward Said. It is written 1978. Orientalism greatly influential and
controversial in the post Colonial studies. Edward Said successfully redefined
the term 'Orientalism'. It to mean a constellation of false assumptions underlying
western attitudes towards the Middle East .
In the book Edward Said discusses
Orientalism and redefined as west patronizing representations of 'The East' the
societies and peoples who inhabit the place of Asia, Middle East and North Africa . Edward Said's Orientalism is the
exaggeration of difference. The presumption of western superiority and the
application of clichéd analytical models for perceiving the oriental word. Here
is talk about western thought and perception of the eastern World. Especially
in relation to the middle religion. The term Orientalism refers to three
interrelated meaning and there are:-
1). An Academic tradition or field.
2). A worldview and representation
3). as a powerful political instrument of
domination.
The characteristics in Orientalism are subtle
and persistent Eurocentric prejudice against Arab Islamic peoples and their
culture. It was derives from Western images of what is oriental that reduce the
Orient to fictional essential of oriental peoples, the places of the Orient.
These culture represents dominant the communications of western Peoples and
with non- Western peoples. In the Orientalism these culture represents the
'Orient' as:-
• Primitive
• Irrational
• Violent
• Despotic
• Fanatic
• Essentially inferior to the native informative
Therefore, enlightenment can only occur
when traditional and reactionary values are replaced by contemporary idea
that is western influenced first we know to discuss what post Colonialism is.
What is Postcolonial?
It is studies of academic study. And it is
the culture lagacy of imperialism and Colonialism. It focuses on human
consequences of exploitation of Colonized people and their lands. Post
colonialism represents an idealogical response towards colonialist thought. The
term post colonialism means after colonialism. It is the story of a culture
after the political and physical.
What is Orient?
The term 'Orient' is a historical term for the
East and it traditionally comprises anything that belongs to the Eastern world
and in relation to Europe , the Occident.
In English, it is largely a metonym for,
coterminous with, the continent of Asia, loosely classified into the Near East,
Middle East and Far East: the geographical and ethno-cultural regions now known
as West Asia, South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.
Originally, the term Orient was used to
designate the Near East, and later its meaning evolved and expanded,
designating also the Middle East or the Far East .
The term oriental is often used to describe objects from the Orient. However,
given its Eurocentric connotations and shifting, inaccurate definition through
the ages, it may be considered offensive as a label for people from East Asia .
The word 'Oriental' was the adjective form
of the noun 'Orient' which means the East. The words come from the Latin noun
'oriens' which means east. The use of Orient in this context head and
uncontroversial history of 29th century. The term Oriental almost a European
invention. It had been scenes antiquity a place of romance, Haunting memories, landscape,
exotic being, remarkable experience. Orient was derives from the Latin word
'oriens'. It means the East. The word 'Orient' is based on logic of discourse.
The Orient in western Civilization refers to the east and also its inhabitants.
What is occident?
It means the western part of the world
especially the countries of America
and Europe . Riddles with waste countries for
example:- France , Europe and
America South America . It new world or Western hemisphere.
oxidant is a part of horizon where sun is last appears in the evening that part
of the earth towards the sunset is east opposed to waste as well as occident
opposed to orient waste opposed to orient accident is antonyms of Orient.
Occident is related to the term occidental. Oxidant means the west of the
Western world.
What is difference and relationship between
orient and occident?
Occident means the west and Orient means the
East. Occident’s are civilizer and Orients are civilized. Occidens is
colonized. Occident is modern and Orient is mysterious. Occident focused on
present future and orients focused on the past. So this is relationship and
difference between both.
What is Orientalism?
The east countries especially East
Asia . It studies of Orient means a study of Orient old
civilization with an old knowledge system. The problem is white and Muslim
people. It is a study of Middle East .
Strangers by fortune of colors identities are not made naturally post structure
structuralism has changed the way of thinking. In objective and subjective
process Orientalism is means to a mental exercise and mental archrival. The
structure of Orient was nothing more than a structure of life which wears the
truth about them to be told would simply blow away. Orientalism is a different
town it is related to orient and accident. Orientalism as a system of
knowledge. It is a system of knowledge about Orient. it is an accept breed for
filtering through the Orient into Western consciousness just as the same
investment multiplied indeed made truly productive the statement profiling out
from Orientalism into the general culture. Orientalism is largely considered
foundational and a seminar test for post colonial studies. It discipline that
has expanded to consider not only political system of imperialism and
hegemonic. But and also power structure and relationships in Literature the art
philosophy and the other fields. Orientalism is a style of thought. It is based
on on an auto logical distinction made between Orient and occident. Orientalism
can be analyzed and discussed corporate institution for dealing with the
Orient. Orientalism is divided into three parts by Edward said.
There are three parts:-
•First the scope of Orientalism
•Second orientalist structures and Re structures
•And the third is Orientalism now.
Chapter 1:- The scope of Orientalism
In the scope of Orientalism Edward Said's
Orientalism describes how the science of Orientalism developed as a system of
knowledge in modern times. According to him, the Western Orientals
structures the world as made of two opposing elements, ours and theirs. So,
these are not just geographical divisions but more importantly epistemological
ones. In this chapter talked about the West and the East are to be
cultural distinction, differences in civilization or lack of it. In Western
eyes orients are incapable of taking care of themselves, they are lazy,
lustful, irrational and violent but also exotic and mysterious. According to
him men and researchers of administration took a very Eurocentric.
All accounts of the Orient according to him are
prone to generalizations, attributing collective significance to acts of
individuals. Orientalism for him is a system of self projection. The Orient
served as a mirror for the West and who wanted to see himself as superior. The
main point of him this chapter of Orientalism was that Western Knowledge of the
East was never neutral since it was always involved with a political and
cultural agenda.
Chapter 2:- Orientalist Structures and
Restructures
In this chapter of Orientalism Said describes a
shift in Western attitude towards the Orient in modern times. According to him
Orientalism as a field of knowledge romanticized the non-Western world for
Western viewers. The shape and content of the Orient is devised by Western eyes
for western eyes. The Orient is to become the exotic, a land of sunshine and
romantic fantasies. He explains that the Orient as the West's "other"
in the 19th century. It does not mean that Westerners saw the Orient as
superior to them.
Another justification provided by Orientalism
for the rule of the West over the East is a form of social Darwinism which
pointed to the fact that the West developed faster than other parts of the
world as proof of the Westerners as biologically superior. The higher
development rate of the West led to Westerners "discovering" others
and not the other way around. This is seen as additional proof of the West's
evolutionary advantage.
Chapter 3:- Orientalism Now
In this chapter Edward Said's
"Orientalism" was devotes to exploring the most recent developments
in Orientalism and the manner in which the Orient is perceived and treated by
the Occident. He talked on third chapter of "Orientalism" by
described how European colonialism is the geographical basis of Orientalism,
both in geo-political and cultural aspects. Orientalism and colonialism are
both driven by a quest for knowledge and power and their results and products
are knowledge and power. He then moved on to talk about 20th century politics
and change in the relationship between East and West.
One of the main differences in the 20th
century was that Orientalist became much more involves in the everyday lives of
Orientals, unlike their predecessors who were uninvolved observers. This is not
driven by a wish to resemble the Orients but rather by a wish to gain more knowledge
about them and to rule them better. He holed the center of Orientalism shifted
from Europe to the US US
Conclusion
Orientalism is not political subject matter but
it is large collection of texts. In short it corporate institution for dealing
with Orient. Dealing orient by making statement about it and also by teaching
it.
Well done
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